What does 'malware' encompass?

The term 'malware' is a broad category that includes any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network. This can include a variety of malicious software types such as viruses, worms, ransomware, spyware, adware, and Trojans, among others. Each of these threats has different methods of operation and goals, but they all fall under the umbrella of malware due to their harmful intent.

Understanding that malware encompasses any software meant for unauthorized actions helps in recognizing the various forms that such harmful software can take, which is crucial for effective prevention and response in cybersecurity. In contrast, the other options focus on more specific types of software that do not capture the full range of what malware includes. For example, stating it only includes viruses and worms omits other significant malware types, and installation or maintenance software typically serves beneficial purposes rather than malicious ones.