What does 'malware' refer to in technology?

Malware, short for malicious software, refers specifically to software designed with the intent to cause harm or disruption to systems, networks, or data. This encompasses a variety of harmful programs such as viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware. Malware can lead to unauthorized access, data theft, system damage, or other forms of malicious activity that compromise the security and integrity of computer systems.

The other options describe different aspects of computing that do not align with the concept of malware. Enhancements to performance, updates for better functionality, and programs for data recovery all serve positive or constructive purposes in the realm of technology. In contrast, malware is fundamentally about malicious intent and damage, which solidifies option B as the accurate definition.